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In this paper, a non-singular SIR model with the Mittag-Leffler law is proposed. The nonlinear Beddington-DeAngelis infection rate and Holling type II treatment rate are used. The qualitative properties of the SIR model are discussed in detail. The local and global stability of the model are analyzed. Moreover, some conditions are developed to guarantee local and global asymptotic stability. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to support the theoretical results and used to analyze the impact of face masks, social distancing, quarantine, lockdown, immigration, treatment rate of the disease, and limitation in treatment resources on COVID-19. The graphical results show that face masks, social distancing, quarantine, lockdown, immigration, and effective treatment rates significantly reduce the infected population over time. In contrast, limitation in the availability of treatment raises the infected population. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has recently become a threat all across the globe with the rising cases every day and many countries experiencing its outbreak. According to the WHO, the virus is capable of spreading at an exponential rate across countries, and India is now one of the worst-affected country in the world. Researchers all around the world are racing to come up with a cure or treatment for COVID-19, and this is creating extreme pressure on the policy makers and epidemiologists. However, in India the recovery rate has been far better than in other countries, and is steadily improving. Still in such a difficult situation with no effective medicine, it is essential to know if a patient with the COVID-19 is going to recover or die. To meet this end, a model has been developed in this article to estimate the probability of a recovery of a patient based on the demographic characteristics. The study used data published by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India for the empirical analysis. © Hemlata Joshi, S. Azarudheen, M. S. Nagaraja, Singh Chandraketu.
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In the present study Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Aqua and Terra satellite derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard Aura satellite derived Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) data sets were used to demonstrate the regional variation in aerosol radiative forcing during covid-19 imposed lockdown over the urban climate of Ahmedabad city. An analysis of short-wave (0.25um to 4.0 um) Instantaneous Direct Aerosol Radiative forcing (IDARF) is done using these satellite data as inputs to the Radiative Transfer model - SBDART. Result shows reduction in IDARF by the month of April-2020 and highest reduction in the month of May. Value of IDARF for May is around 22.785 Wm-2, which is 40.21% less than the mean value of IDARF from pre lockdown to post lockdown. Which indicates Negative Radiative Forcing (Net Cooling Effect). Magnitude of IDARF during lockdown and post lockdown are found to be 34.49 Wm-2 and 71.62 Wm-2 which is 87.94% higher than the mean value of IDARF from pre lockdown to post lockdown. Which suggest Positive Radiative Forcing (Net Warming Effect). © 2021 IEEE.
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Globally, COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 214 countries across the world, creating uncertainty and affecting every institution and individual. The organisations recognise the need of agile projects that may offer several benefits including faster deployments, adaptability and best fit alignment to fulfill the customer needs. Implementing agile projects is the key to survive in the post pandemic situation, but emerging economies have limited scope for implementation. The present study determines the critical factors that restricts implementation of agile projects in emerging economies. The critical factors are identified from literature and validated by experts. The validated critical factors are further assessed to identify the cause-and-effect relationship using Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Laboratory (F-DEMATEL) method. The results of the study posit ‘Skepticism towards the new way of working’ is the most significant causal factor affecting other factors. This study is an attempt to help project managers to consider the significant factors for agile project implementation in post pandemic situation. The project managers may be benefitted from this study by considering these factors to manage challenges for agile project implementation in emerging economies. This study contributes to assess the influencing and the influenced challenging factors for agile project implementation. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel coronavirus, now called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. The present study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitude of interns in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Materials & Methods:50 interns of both genders were included. A questionnaire assessed knowledge comprising of each item contained 3 options, namely, “true”, “false” and “don’t know”;1 point was given for a correct answer, and 0 points were awarded for an incorrect answer or a “don’t know” response. The total score of this section ranged from 0 to 13, and higher scores were correlated with more knowledge. The attitude section included items, and a Likert scale was used to assess the level of agreement with the statements;response options ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Results: Out of 50 subjects, males were 22 and females were 28. What causes COVID-19 replied correct by 94%, incubation period of COVID-19 by 95%, overall mortality of COVID-19 by 84%, what are laboratory test available by 98%, family gatherings may spread infection by 89%, washing hands frequently, wearing masks and other measures can effectively prevent infection by 99%, most have good prognosis by 82% and suspected and confirmed patients should be isolated and treated in designated hospitals by 94%. Attitude was strongly agree, agree, not sure, disagree and strongly disagree in response to I pay close attention to the development of the epidemic situation in 94%, 5%, 1% respectively, I think I am playing an important role in controlling the epidemic in 92%, 3%, 3%, 1% and 1% respectively. It is believed that the outbreak will soon be contained in 90%, 2%, 5%, 2% and 1% and I am willing to cooperate with the relevant departments to take prevention and control measures in 82%, 8%, 6%, 3% and 1% respectively. Conclusion: Interns had sufficient knowledge and attitude in the prevention and control of COVID-19.
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During Covid-19 Pandemic the entire world experiences the role and importance of Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare system and especially in Community Pharmacy. Internet of Things can be described as a network architecture incorporating an abundance of sensors software hardware, computing devices, technologies, machines and many more utilities, assisting us in our relevant domains as per the needful. Over the yesteryears it has been observed that the footprints of Internet of Things over the healthcare sector have increased eloquently. This observation leads us to the fact that with the escalating population and the healthcare plight Internet of Things can really prove itself to be serious breakthrough in the community pharmacy. By revising the current healthcare system in the community pharmacies in a more socio-economic fashion. This paper reviews the technological advancements in Internet of Things, for the medical management of public health so that it can be vitally made use of in the domain of community pharmacy. There is a demand of efficient Internet of Things framework that would seriously be able to challenge the abysmal state of community pharmacy mostly in the remote areas and the distant regions. © 2022 MEDIC SCIENTIFIC. All Rights Reserved.
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Background: Coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by newly discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread rapidly throughout the world. Vaccines will provide a lasting solution by enhancing immunity and containing disease spread. This study was conducted to find out vaccination status among Covid-19 positive patients and correlate severity of infections with vaccination status. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out among 1218 Covid-19 positive patients that were positive after the launch of Covid-19 vaccine, selected by purposive sampling method. Data was collected using pretested semi structured proforma. Results: Covid-19 vaccination coverage was very low (10.03%) in Covid-19 positive patients, for single dose it was 8.38% and for two doses it was 1.65%. Asymptomatic and mild cases were more in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated, it was statistically significant. Though hospitalization in vaccinated was less it was not significant. There was no death among vaccinated cases. Conclusion: Vaccination coverage were very low, this needs to improve. Vaccine was significantly reduces the severity of infection. It is recommended to vaccinate all eligible population as early as possible which will help in reducing severe and hospitalized cases and ultimately reducing the impact of Covid-19 pandemic. © 2022, MedSci Publications. All rights reserved.
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COVID-19 is a deadly infectious disease caused by the recently discovered coronavirus. It is a severe acute respiratory syndrome which is spreading at an enormous rate that needs early control. IoT technologies can be successfully used in the management of spread of virus and maintenance of cold-chain. This review article discusses the role of IoT (Internet of things) in management of cold-chain during covid-19 pandemic. The use of a data centric vaccine cold chain monitoring system is mentioned which can monitor the temperature, and humidity and can track the location of vaccine carriers and in case of emergency sends notification to the health care supervisor, along with IoT technologies RFID, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS embedded devices are in use. IoT based scannable devices are also in use for the monitoring of temperature and location tracking. In addition, this article proposes an ESP8266 Wi-Fi based module, which maintains the temperature and humidity of the vaccine carrier box;any changes in temperature from its optimum range sends a single cooling tool embedded in it which then manages to maintain the temperature. This proposed system will be helpful in the maintenance of the cold chain followed by the reduction of vaccine wastage.
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Education can be coined as one of the indispensable domains that got colossally effected due to this persisting timeframe of the COVID-19 pandemic. Via this paper the author wishes to enlighten you on the ill-effects brought down by these tough times on our education and predominantly, to categorize the various legitimate resources which are currently in use by the learners in order to pace-up with the traditional learning methods. For this various platform were instigated by the government, which are hereby analyzed. It's really upsetting to learn that these platforms often get unobtrusive of the students and the target users as the exigency of each learner quarrels with that of the others. The virtual modus-operandi of studying and learning even comes up with numerous hassles, which are later examined in the paper. The significance of virtual learning or e-learning is accentuated along with the anticipated conceivability © 2021 IEEE.
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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and a 2.5x risk of heart failure (HF). The potential to improve clinical outcomes in patients with DM and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been augmented by evidence from CV outcome trials of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1) demonstrating significant reduction in major adverse CV events (MACE) and reduction in HFrelated hospitalisation. Purpose: To review the initial activity and clinical interventions resulting from an innovative cardiometabolic clinic (CMC) service within an NHS tertiary cardiac centre, incorporating a consultant diabetologist and cardiologist, in which high risk patients' are addressed simultaneously. Methods: Patient data (biochemistry, radiology results and observations including weight, symptoms, blood pressure, blood glucose) and clinic activity (consultation notes and GP correspondence) were reviewed retrospectively over a 6 month period from 29/09/2020 to 29/03/2021. Results: A total of 144 patients were referred to CMC, of which 64 were seen during the study period, 6 did not attend, and 74 await an appointment. Of the 64 seen, 13 were discharged back to the referrer and/or to a more appropriate clinician. Referrals to other specialists have been made for 26 patients to augment their care. Initiation of SGLT2 and GLP-1 was recommended for 31 and 9 patients, respectively. Up-titrationof existing SGLT2i and GLP-1 was carried out for two patients already on each of these agents. Additionally, 28 other medications were initiated or optimised (5 diuretics, 3 antihypertensives, 3 lipid-lowering therapies, 2 beta blockers, 1 angiotensin-receptor blocker, 1 anticoagulant, 2 orlistat, 8 metformin and 3 other anti-diabetic). Medications for 12 patients were stopped due to intolerance. Each consultation included lifestyle interventions as per latest ESC guidelines. Among the 32 patients in whom antidiabetic drugs (including SGLT2, GLP- 1) have been initiated or titrated, reduction in HbA1c has been observed in 11 patients (mean reduction 17.7 mmol/mol), while 3 have noted an increase (mean 4.7 mmol/mol) and results are pending for 18 patients. Collection of outcomes including hospitalisations for HF, CV events, ejection fraction, and is ongoing. The above has been achieved despite limitations imposed by the remote nature of the clinic due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which limits blood tests, echocardiograms and observations. This limitation is expected to be ameliorated by conducting in-person clinics in future. Conclusions: Running of CMC in a MDT setting facilitates optimisation of the pharmacological management of risk factors in patients with cardiac and metabolic disease, particularly incorporation of current evidencebased therapies. Emerging outcomes indicate the potential impact of this service on patients' long term CV outcomes.
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The lockdowns imposed to contain the COVID-19 spread had an indisputably cascading effect on the aquaculture industry across the globe. It has adversely impacted the Indian fisheries sector through changing purchaser demand, supply chain disruptions, trade restrictions, and also the livelihood of millions dependent on it. However, the consequential reduced fishing will also likely help in replenishment of the aquatic biodiversity and provide the balance needed in the long-term sustenance of the fisheries sector. The technological and policy interventions in pre- and post-harvest fisheries operations are anticipated to reduce some of these negative impacts in similar lockdown scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Current Science (00113891) is the property of Indian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Internet of Things (IoT) is an interrelated system of computing devices, machines, sensors, and objects. It can transfer data over a network without the Human-to-computer or Human-to human interaction. This article is focused on the progression in IoT. It was analyzed that how IoT can truly revolutionize the oppositions faced by Manufacturing, Logistics, and Supply chain logistics in the pharmaceutical industry during the Covid-19 pandemic and following. In the present scenario of this pandemic and annihilation, IoT has emerged as the need of the time for the pharmaceutical industries. In order to develop a well-coordinated logistic and supply chain network, it is required to make their prominent occupancy in the market. Patients are unavailable for the essential medicines and medications that are critical and strong to protect. With the current and recent developments in automation technology, the need for consistency of supply chain visibility in the pharmaceutical industries has increased enormously. The implementation of these automation technologies will certainly result in getting serious confidence in understanding the statistics of the supply chain. This technology is also built to invalidate the risk factors that accompany the pharmaceutical supply chain network. Generally, these systems are available and operate as a decentralized system. The information or data transmitted via these systems is isolated and the protection of vulnerable data is therefore not compromised. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Objectives 1. To calculate the mortality rate of COVID 19 at our centre. 2. To study age and sex distribution of COVID 19 deaths. 3. To study the duration of hospital stay with mortality. 4. To study the comorbidities associated with mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study of COVID 19 deaths which have occurred from April 2020 to January 2021. Death records of patients who were Confirmed positive cases of COVID 19 infection by Antigen positivity or RT PCR (polymerase chain reaction) or CBNAAT were analysed based on the total number of admissions, total deaths, age and gender distribution;duration of hospital stay, co-morbidities. Results: There were 763 deaths in our study. Total admissions were 5762. Mortality rate was 13.2%. Out of these 481 were males and 282 females. The mean age of death was in the group of 60-70 years with a median age of 64.8 years. 221 patients had ≥ 3 comorbidities, 162 had ≥ 2 comorbidities. 172 had single comorbidities and 208 no comorbidities. Conclusions: COVID 19 affects people of all age groups and gender. It neither spares people with comorbidities nor those without any comorbidities. There is no specific therapy for its treatment. Hence Vaccination, and use of masks, social distancing and sanitization are the policies which will help in the long run. © 2021 Journal of Association of Physicians of India. All rights reserved.
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Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a doubled risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and a 2-5x risk of heart failure (HF) (1,2). The potential to improve clinical outcomes in patients with DM and cardiovascular (CV disease have been augmented by evidence from CV outcome trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1) demonstrating significant reduction in major adverse CV events (MACE) and with SGLT2i, significantly reduction in HFrelated hospitalization. (3) Given this evidence there is a need for specialist clinicians to assist in overcoming clinical inertia in their implementation to improve patient care and prognosis. (3) Purpose To review the initial activity and clinical interventions resulting from an innovative cardiometabolic clinic (CMC) service within an NHS tertiary cardiac centre, incorporating a consultant diabetologist and cardiologist, in which patients' concomitant CV and metabolic risk are addressed simultaneously. Methods Patient data (biochemistry, radiology results and observations including weight, symptoms, blood pressure, blood glucose) and clinic activity (consultation notes and GP correspondence) were reviewed retrospectively over a 6 month period from 29/09/2020 to 29/03/2021. Results A total of 144 patients have been referred to CMC, of which 64 were seen during the study period, 6 did not attend, and 74 await an appointment. Of the 64 seen, 13 have been discharged back to the referrer and/or to a more appropriate clinician. Referrals to other specialists have been made for 26 patients to augment their care.Initiation of SGLT2 and GLP-1 was recommended for 31 and 9 patients, respectively. Up-titration of existing SGLT2i and GLP-1 was carried out for two patients already on each of these agents. Additionally, 28 other medications were initiated or optimised (5 diuretics, 3 antihypertensives, 3 lipid-lowering therapies, 2 beta blockers, 1 angiotensin-receptor blocker, 1 anticoagulant, 2 orlistat, 8 metformin and 3 other anti-diabetics). Medications for 12 patients were stopped due to contraindication, intolerance or to permit introduction of evidence- based therapy.Each consultation has also included discussion of lifestyle interventions as per latest ESC guidelines. Among the 32 patients in whom antidiabetic drugs (including SGLT2, GLP-1) have been initiated or titrated, one available marker of clinical effect associated with these interventions has been glycaemic control as quantified by HbA1c. Reduction in HbA1c has been observed in 11 patients (mean reduction 17.7 mmol/mol), while 3 have noted an increase (mean 4.7 mmol/mol, and results are pending for 18 patients.Collection of outcomes including hospitalisations for HF, CV events, ejection fraction, and adverse effects of treatment is ongoing.The above has been achieved despite limitations imposed by the remote nature of the clinic due to the Covid-19 pandemic, which limits performance of blood tests, echocardiograms and observations. This limitation is expected to be ameliorated by conducting in-person clinics in future. Conclusions Operation of a joint CMC facilitates optimisation of the pharmacological management of risk factors in patients with cardiac and metabolic disease, particularly incorporation of current evidence-based therapies. Emerging outcomes indicate the potential impact of this service on patients' long term CV outcomes.
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COVID 19 or CORONA as we know it has not only become a global pandemic but a real threat to humanity which is proving itself as a third world war for the world. Everyone is talking about the basic preventive measures for fighting with this situation let it be proper hygiene, social distancing or allied healthcare measures. The basic symptoms of the covid-19 patients, the virus attacks healthy as well as immune-compromised individuals. The onset of virus starts from inhalation of droplets impregnated with virus which shows its effect on larynx and via it, progresses to lungs covering the respiratory system causing acute respiratory infections. Once in lungs it makes it as a strong hold on ground for further deterioration of immunity and respiratory functions which leads to fatal conditions like pneumonia acute respiratory distress syndromes. Now if by various respiratory physiotherapeutic practices if we can increase the strength of lungs it can actually increase the recovery of the patients with the aim of maintaining the bronchial hygiene and strengthening the respiratory muscles at various stages. Bronchial toileting, positioning can be helpful in dealing with complications like pneumonia and ARDS, where pursed lip breathing and ACBT can be helpful in dealing with breathlessness in early stages.
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Background: The whole world is facing an unprecedented period of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite the efforts, the disease is continuously spreading. According to world meter, globally there are 6,341,034 active cases and 746,652 deaths as on 11 August 2020. Management: The developments of vaccines are underway, in such situation maintaining immunity is the only way to combat this infectious disease. The elements of pandemic require urgent control of all information frameworks accessible internationally. Utilizing the oldest science of medicine, Ayurveda paves away in this pandemic. It gives specific consideration to the host and suggests measures for a sound way of life. Ayurveda defines immunity as the ability to prevent infection and thereby maintain homeostasis. Conclusion: To deal with this pandemic situation using traditional medicine system, India can prove the strength of Ayurveda. © IJCRR.